Finding Myself


Dear IBS,                      Date 6/12/2013
    Peace and humble greetings. My name is Gino Alexander Vallejo. I am trying my best to seeking for the truth. I have been a Buddhist almost my whole meager 40 years of life. I have just recently retaken my vows of the five precepts and three refuges back in March 8, 2013 at Chuckawalla State Prison.
     I felt as if I was reborn a new. Over the past 20 years in prison. I had grown in wrongness and took part in wrong speech, wrong thinking and most of all. I had grown cruel and dispassionate to my fellow men. I had forgotten… NO! I chose the easy path of deception and hate.  My stay in Chuckawalla State Prison was very short.
I found myself going to Buddhist service. And had started to find myself once more. And when I got to meet Master Hueiguang and Ven. Xianzhong and took my vows. I had not happiness right away. But I found sorrow and pain to those that I have wronged. And so I found myself surrounded by other who must have felt as I have.
And then I found joy in the fact that these other inmates. These monks and the other people from IBS who took their time out of there lives to bring the word of Buddha for those who are like me with the loss of hope and peace. Have given the gift of love and compassion free of will and light of heart.
For I feel truly blessed and honored to take my vows. I was to get my new Dharma Name on the next visit of the IBS Buddhist service. I was transferred the next day due to some medical issue. Please send my Dharma name certificate with some Dharma books. Looking forward to hear from you soon.
I thank you for your time and what you do for us.
           
Namo Amitabha Buddha
Gino

FOR OUR TEACHERS AND OUR SANGHA



As a practitioner of the dharma who had “fallen off the path”, the only good thing about being incarcerated was in meeting to compassionate brothers and sisters from IBS. My friends tried to put a “positive spin” on things and had told me. “You should become a prison monk and turn your cell into a monastery.” Easy for them to say! But these completely selfless people actually helped to make this a reality for me.

The brothers and sisters from IBS grounded us in the foundational and preliminary practices first and then, slowly, over the years have introduced more advanced methods. We always return, however, to the foundational work and this has proved to be of most benefit to the new meditators as well as those of us with a little more experience. After all, we would not be in prison if we had remained firm in our foundation.

Many of us have been privileged to take Refuge and Five Precepts vows before Venerable Hueiguang. I can not express the gratitude we feel to have an international recognized Buddhist and lineage holder come tot his remote place to visit prisoners that most people would rather not think about. This is true compassion – this is the work of a bodhisattva!!

The second time that I met Venerable Master Hueiguang, my grandmother had just died the day before and I felt that a whole piece of me was missing. He could feel my sadness before I really even said anything. He reached out and wrapped me in his robes and I felt as if I were being nurtured by the whole universe. I felt so safe and love ad protected. He led a short funeral service for her (I guess it was really for me) and I was able let her go with a sense of gratitude for her life. This is true compassion – this is the work of a bodhisattva!!

When I met Venerable Xian Zhong, I was transfixed. I felt as if I already knew him and his smile was just so infectious. His glance was one of encouragement and somehow an acknowledgement that I already had the qualities of Buddha nature inside my heart and mind. He can say so much with no words at all and we all love him for this. He makes each and every brother feel welcome and included. And when he leads the Metta Meditation, one knows beyond a doubt that the loving kindness that we are sending out is very, very real!!

When Venerable Master Hueiguang taught our Sangha, Venerable Xian Zhong sat at his feet – this was for well over an hour. He had such a look of utter devotion on his face that my heart melted. This monk was the very embodiment of devotion and it re-inspired me to deeper devotion as well. I was also inspired to hand copy Lama Tsongkhapa’s text on the “foundation of all good qualities…”

It is difficult to truly express all that our beloved brothers and sisters of IBS have done for us because it has not been so much in the doing as in the being. Yes, they have given us kindness, compassion, wisdom, teachings and everything that a good Buddhist should give- but they have given us a family to be a part of…a Sangha to belong to, to love and nurture and cultivate. How can one express one’s feelings for one’s family? It just is….

Blue Lotus Sangha (Chuckawalla State Prison)


Dear Venerable Zhong, Mr Daniel and Ms. Shirley,        May, 2013

It is with a light and bounteous heart that write to you all today. I would like to extend to you my deepest respect and thanks for the beautiful ceremony yesterday. In a world full of hate, ignorance, greed, and discontent, it never cease to amaze me that people like yourselves are out there in the world who work tirelessly and selflessly for the betterment of all people, despite the wrongs they have committed. 

I had an opportunity to read the IBS Prison Program in the San Diego California book. I have to say that I awestruck at the help, both financial as well as physical, that IBS gets for such an unusual project. Most people shun the thought of helping those in prison. They feel that we have it too easy, and in some regards, we do. However, incredible people overcome the stereotype that is labeled on us and have the courage and strength of conviction to see that suffering is universal, regardless of our station in life and are willing to provide help in whatever capacity they can. 

Yesterday was perhaps the happiest day I have had in recent memory. Last year when I took the Five Precepts and took refuge in the Triple Gems, I really did not understand what I was trying to commit myself to. I thought that it was expected of my by some of my peers. This year, however, I really listened deeply the Master Dharma talk on The Five Precepts and what it means take up the vows. It is sometimes hard to understand since we are not yet enlightened, we are going to break some of the vows once in a while. The important thing is to keep in mind that we learn from the errors in thinking and strive to not repeat the mistake. I feel as though I have turned a corner in the path of my practice. I feel as though I have gained insight into what it is I am really trying to accomplish and why. 

   I am going to close for now. I just wanted to say thank you so much for all you do and for caring so deeply for us. I consider you all a part of my family and look forward to the day we can all meet at the temple. Please take care of yourselves. I hope you had a safe journey home and continue to have safe journey. Until next month.. Amithofo
With Metta
Noel. (Guan Ai)

Shanti Sangha ( Chino State Prison)


Dear Venerable Master Huei Guang,                Date: 5-13-2013

It was auspicious that it rained during the Buddha’s Vasak retreat.  This is a rare event in Southern California, as is the opportunity to ordain into the Buddha’s Sangh as a lay disciple. It was truly a great honor to be given the Triple Gem of the Three Refuges and the Five Precepts of the Buddhist laity by one as compassionate and wise as yourself. You are a true Bodhisattva, There are so very few in the world who would direct their attention to us who serve prison sentences. We languish in our own self created misery, unmindful, deluded, full of craving and wrong thought, until we are visited by you, by Venerable Xian Zhong and by everyone from International Bodhisattva Sangha (IBS) who bring the light, the wisdom, and the hope of the Buddha to us. I am forever grateful. I am reminded of a verse from the Dharmapada. 

“Even from within a heap of rubbish, dumped and discarded by the highway’s side-there, a lotus may take root and arise gladdening the mind with its sweet perfume. Thus, from among the discarded of men, the masses in darkness, mentally blind, does one of surpassing wisdom arise, who hears the Rightly Self-Awakened One.” (Dh. 58-59)

我誠諾竭盡所能遵隨佛祖的教悔在您的指引和教導下成長,阿彌陀佛!!

Sincerely,

Barnett

Metta (Loving Kindness) Meditation


This excellent meditation derives from the Discourse on Loving-kindness (Metta Sutta) given by Buddha Shakyauni 2500 years ago. The loving -kindness he spoke of then is till the deepest need of the world today. the Pali word metta (maitri in Sanskrit) means universal loving-Kindness, friendliness, and goodwill free from expectation and possessiveness. Metta is an all-embracing love-a sincere desire for the happiness and well-being of others. With this sublime heart of love, we express care and concern for all beings through benevolent through benevolent thoughts, feelings, and words, as well as through selfless acts of kindness and generosity.
To cultivate this sublime loving-kindness, we must allow our hearts to open, embracing ourselves and others with compassion and unconditional love. Including this meditation in our practice of loving-kindness brings immense benefit. We develop the valuable skill of concentration. We dissolve the barriers in and negativity into courage and kindness, and we learn to care for and love all beings without exception. The radiance of our loving-kindness brings protection from harmful influences and offers blessings and beneficence to all it touches.Spiritual development and ultimate awakening are based upon the firm foundation of loving-kindness for all beings. To help establish this essential foundation. Practice this meditation daily for 15 to 20 minutes.

1) Begin by directing loving –kindness toward yourself. By overcoming any sense of unworthiness and Allow the heartfelt radiance of loving –kindness to fill your being as you recite each phrase of this meditation slowly and with deep feeling: May my heart be filled with happiness and peace, May I be free from all kinds of sufferings. When you heart is full of loving kindness and happiness, extend your Happiness to others.


2) Visualize a person for whom you feel love, respect. And gratitude. Radiate heartfelt loving-kindness to this person as you recite each phrase slowly: May your heart be filled with happiness and peace…May you be free form all kind of sufferings and so on..

3) Visualize a person toward whom you feel neutral or indifferent. Radiate heartfelt loving-kindness to this person as like oneself.


4) Visualize a person with whom you experience fear, hurt, conflict, resentment, anger or aversion. Although it may be challenging, radiate heartfelt loving-kindness to this person as well.

5) Finally, radiate heartfelt loving-kindness to all living beings throughout all realms of existence: May the hearts of all beings be filled with happiness and peace..


When there is love in our hearts, there will be love in the world. When there is peace in our hearts, there will be peace in the world. Practice this loving-kindness meditation often and cherish all living beings with a bou

It is Blessing


Although I’m not sure how to explain it, life leads me to Buddhism. I grew up in what I believed was a traditional Christian environment, but the person who I looked to develop on understanding of Christianity wasn’t exactly a traditional Christian. I used to watch my mother do yoga and light meditative practices every morning, attempt to learn Tai Chi occasionally and then go to Church on Sunday. Of course, because I knew nothing else, I could only assume that this wa what the Christians were all doing. As I got older and began deciphering the difference between religious path and their practices, the early exposure to different practice prevented me from developing a discriminatory view towards other religions and grew into a desire to study them all to find what they had to offer to mankind. Eventually I found Siddha Yoga which emphasized self-discovery through right understanding and meditation. Around this time I had been incaicflated and sent to prison. Prison gave me an environment that was fasting, meditating, praying and studying extensively. Without the many distraction that come with daily life, I was able to work on myself and with the challenges prison posses the ego, I was able to witness my progress through daily experience. My conduct and behavior naturally drew me toward individuals of similar understandings who informed me about Buddhism. No too long afterward I signed up to attend the Buddhist service.

I’ve come to Buddhism seeking knowledge of self, wisdom and understanding of life. Ultimately, I hope to achieve self-mastery and do believe that the practices prescribed by the Buddha can help. Although I am still fairly new to Buddhism, I have been given a clearer understood of what self mastery is and how to reach it.
Rachee

Buddhist Service in prison



Dear IBS
Early last year I became interested in your Buddhist Services and consequently took the five precepts in March 2012. I am very grateful for the access to all of the services every month by the International Bodhisattva Sangha (IBS)
Though I am new to Buddhism, I have gained some insight into the way of the path. This has given me some structure in life. I sometimes stray from the path but never forget to get back on the path.
    Buddhism has illuminated and awaked my inner Buddha!
   I recently transferred from Chukawalla Valley State Prison up to the Newley converted Valley State Prison in Chowchilla. I immediately contacted the chapel here for Buddhist services. There is no formal such service here as yet. But on my second visit the chaplain read a letter to us from Shirley. Where She as reached out the warden for permission to initiate some sort of outside facilitation of Buddhist support.
I wish to thank Shirley, Danny, Vernerable Zhong, and IBS founder Master Hueiguang. I am also thankful to the Desert Lotus Sangha at Chuckawalla State Prison to help my in my daily practice.
With Metta
Joseph (Guan Wu)

Emptiness


Shunyata is a key concept in Buddhist philosophy, more specifically in the ontology of Mahayana Buddhism: ''Form is emptiness, and emptiness is form.'' This is the paradox of the concept .

Emptiness is not to be confused with nothingness. Emptiness is non-existence but not nothingness. Also, it is not non-reality. Emptiness means that an object, animate or inanimate, does not have its own existence independently. It has its meaning and existence only when all the elements or components it is made of come into play and we can understand and impute its existence clearly.

By way of explanation, we are asked to observe a cup or any other container. Is the cup empty when it does not contain any liquid or solid in it? We say yes, it's empty. But is it really empty? No, it's not. It is full of air. Even when the glass is in a state of vacuum, it is not empty. It still contains space, radiation and maybe light.

Therefore the Buddhist point of view differs from convention. The cup is always full of something or the other. To describe it philosophically, the cup is devoid of its inherent existence. It has come into existence because of many other conditions coming into play.

It is because of these intricacies that the Buddhist concept of emptiness is often taken as nihilism. Scholars opine that western philosophy probably had a role in creating this misconception. Nihilism as a concept means that reality is unknown and unknowable, and that nothing exists. Whereas the Buddhist concept of emptiness says that ultimate reality is knowable, and that in no case should the concept of emptiness be taken to mean nothingness.

Plato held the view that there is an ideal essence in everything that we have around us, whether animate or inanimate. After all, ''the essence of the cup ultimately exists in the realm of the mind.'' The Dalai Lama says that Shunyata is the absence of an absolute essence or independent existence. If a thing exists, it is because of several other factors.

One might as well ask: Is it possible to have a partless phenomenon? According to the Madhyamika

The Dalai Lama's book, Art of Living , makes our understanding of the perception of reality clearer. He says, ''as your insight into the ultimate nature is deepened and enhanced, you will develop a perception of reality from which you will perceive phenomena and events as sort of illusory. And that mode of perceiving reality will permeate all your interactions with reality.

Even emptiness itself, which is seen as the ultimate nature of reality, is not absolute, nor does it exist independently. We cannot conceive of emptiness as independent of a basis of phenomenon, because when we examine the nature of reality, we find that emptiness itself is an object. Look for its essence and we will find that it is empty of inherent existence. Therefore, the Buddha taught of the emptiness of emptiness.''

The gold finger



One day, one of the eight immortals (Note 1), Lu Dongbin, came down to the Saha World (Note 2) to help people out who were in great difficulties. While he was on the way, he met a youth sitting by the road side crying heavily. He approached the youth and asked him, "Mister, why are you crying? Do you have any difficulties?"

"My mother is very sick and my father had passed away. I do not have any money to hire a doctor to see her. I want to go to work but nobody will take care of my mother while I am away?"

The immortal was very touched by the fidelity of this youth and therefore he decided to help him out by performing a miracle. He pointed his finger at a piece of stone by the road side and turned it into gold immediately. Then he gave the piece of gold to the youth. To his surprise the youth refused to accept it.

The immortal was even touched, because the youth must be a devout Buddhist, renouncing wealth. "Why don't you accept the piece of gold. It should keep your family going for a long time."

The youth replied, "If I accept it, sooner or later I will spend it all. Therefore, I do not want the piece of gold. I want your finger, because I can use it to turn everything into gold and I will be the richest man on earth."

Upon hearing this, the immortal gave a sigh at the greediness of human beings, restored the piece of gold back to stone, and returned to heaven.

IBS Up Coming Event

 
 
My dear Dharma friends, 

Your past support of the International Boddhisatva Sangha (IBS) has transformed the lives of hundreds of inmates in six Southern California state prisons. Today I write to tell you about a major expansion we are launching to Northern California, and to request your help to make it possible.
As you know, IBS has been visiting state prisons since 1995. With the great help of many organizations and compassionate friends, we recently set up Buddhist libraries in each prison, and in some other prisons we are not able to visit.

In recent months, we lost about 50 students in 4 different institutions because they were transferred to state prisons in Northern California. Sometimes bad things like this happen for a good reason. The good news is they have applied their many years of Dharma practice by sharing it with new friends. 

In Sutra says that sharing the Dharma is the greatest of all possible gifts, and we are very proud of our diligent students for putting their learning into action. 

IBS promised to our transferred students that if they keep up their practice and share it with others, we will continue to support them however we can. To keep this promise, we will need your help! 

Our brothers in nine different Northern California prisons are requesting Buddhist services. Although these prisons are too far from San Diego to visit every month, we have sent proposals to the wardens in all nine prisons to set up a Buddhist library and to visit at least quarterly or twice a year. 

We are very pleased that five prisons, with four yards each, have already agreed to accept our program. This is where we need your help. 

With your support, we would like to visit each prison in March, to set up the 20 libraries and provide a service for our Dharma brother inmates. I am sure we can count on the generosity of several organizations to collect the 6000 books we will need: The City of Ten Thousand Buddhas, Amithaba Buddhist Society Los Angeles, Amithaba Buddhist Society San Jose, Metta Forest Monastery, Dharma Bum Temple San Diego, etc. 

Our plan is to undertake a 7-day trip to Northern California to visit the five prisons. For this, IBS needs financial support for transportation, lodging, and food for five people. 

If you think this trip is meaningful and benevolent, please support it to the extent you are able. I can assure you your donation will change the lives of many people in the iron temples (prisons). 

It is my vision that within 10 years, IBS will be bringing the Dharma to all 36 California state prisons. But this will only be possible with your support. Please help this program and restore the hope and happiness in many peoples' lives. 

Please send your donation to the address below, or feel free to contact me at zhongibs@hotmail.com or 619-450-3699 with any questions or suggestions you may have about our trip. 

International Bodhisattva Sangha
12584 Sora Way
San Diego CA 92129
Amitofo,
Xianzhong Shi

Motivation


MOTIVATION

What is motivation? How do we create good motivation?

1. Motivation, in essence, is a thought in our mind with an intention to carry out a certain task. There are three types of motivation when we listen, teach, or practice the Dharma: Good, Bad, and Neutral.

Good Motivation - This kind of motivation arises from the depth of our heart to benefit all sentient beings with a thorough understanding that all phenomena is interdependent and that the manifestation as a sentient being is the condition for one to realize the ultimate truth..

Neutral Motivation - This kind of motivation is a mere flow of an intended action with no insightful knowledge of the benefits from listening to the Dharma teaching and practice.

Bad Motivation - This kind of motivation is usually associated with solely thinking about one self’s benefits such as for wealth, name, fame, and publicity. This kind of motivation is considered impure.

Motivation is the foundation of our practice. As such, if our motivation is good we may be able to practice and overcome different defilements. An analogy is when building a structure, the foundation is very important. If the foundation is strong enough, then the higher the structure can be built. Conversely, a structure with a poor foundation is likely to fall apart easily. Much as the same as our practice, a solid foundation is necessary not only for today or tomorrow but all the way until the ultimate truth is realized. In general, if our foundation is not stable, it will be very difficult to smoothly attain our end desired goal. Knowing that a good foundation is imperative for practicing, we must put forth a diligent effort in trying to make it as strong as possible.

2. While we are listening to the Dharma, we have to avoid the four kinds of falsehoods as described below using a jug as the metaphorical symbol of our mind. The four types of mistakes are often committed and should be avoided in order to effectively follow the Dharma teaching.

1. Inverted Jug
2. Leaking Jug
3. Impure Jug
4. Full Jug
1.Inverted Jug - A jug being upside down cannot hold any water no matter how much effort one puts into it. This is symbolic of our mind not being fully receptive even if a great master was providing the teachings as a result of our mind being closed. Regardless of how much teaching is received, it will not be absorbed nor retained. Having an open mind with respect, devotion, and humility is necessary to readily receive the genuine teachings of the Dharma.

2. Leaking Jug - A clean jug in the upright position is useless if it contains a hole at the bottom. No matter how much pure water is placed into that jug, it will not remain in the container. This is likened to listening to the Dharma when the message passes through one ear and exits out the other ear. As such, the teaching of the Dharma will not be grasped because the message is not retained in our mind. The human mind possesses incredible power and capability. This is evident in the level of science and technology in today’s modern world. An airplane will allow us to travel anywhere in this world within a matter of hours. The internet will allow one to assess a wealth of information in the convenience of being at a desk at the touch of a fingertip. Cell phones can allow you to talk to anybody while you move about. These are just a few products derived from the human mind. From a spiritual standpoint, the mind also possesses the ability to attain the ultimate happiness and truth. A mind listening with attentiveness will be able to reap the benefits of the Dharma.

3. Impure Jug - This is a jug with no holes and is not upside down but contains filthy water. Even if the amount is small, adding pure water to a jug filled partially with dirty water will result in the entire pool being dirty. This analogy can be akin to avoiding having wrong views about the Dharma and other bad thoughts about the teachings. While listening to the Dharma with such a mind, the genuine Dharma will also become impure and will prevent one from progressing farther in their practice. While we are listening to the Dharma, we have to listen with a pure mind. In the Buddha’s teaching, the Buddha is like a guide, the Dharma is the path, and the Sangha is the company dedicated to helping all sentient beings reach liberation. Listening to the Dharma with a pure mind means that we must have devotion, respect, and kindness for the Triple Gems in order to have the right condition to receive the Buddha’s teachings.

4. Full Jug - This is a jug that is already full. If someone wants to put some more water into it, even if it is pure water, the water will just spill over since it cannot accommodate anymore. Like a full jug, a mind full of arrogance does have the will to learn from others with the pretentious belief that he/she already knows everything. When we listen to the Dharma, even if it is a subject that we are already familiar with, we should still listen very carefully without arrogance because listening to the teachings over and over again will allow one to gain further additional insight and to attain a deeper meaning behind the teaching.



1 OF 15 Question to Ven. Xianzhong

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Transforming fierce fire into serene lotus

 IBS Prison Program in San Diego California USA


Interview with Ven. Xian Zhong
Questions to Ven. Xian Zhong by disciple Lih Hwa
---------------------------------------------------

Q1. Venerable Xian Zhong, it was said that last month's visitation to the prison in order to spread dharma, resulted in more than 100 inmates receiving the five precepts.  This is absolutely auspicious; would you elaborate the reason and the cause of initiating such program?

Ven. Ans:- While my Master was a student as UCSD, before renouncing his life as a layman, he taught a Buddhism class at a temple that focused on disseminating dharma for the westerners.   One of his students at the temple was a radio station host.  In 1994 after my Master became ordained in Taiwan to become a monk and upon his return to the United States, the student wanted to interview him because he realized that many listeners have problems with drug addiction and he wanted to have an open discussion on how to change bad habits from a Buddhist perspective.  During the broadcast, some inmates at the Calipatria State Prison were listening to the radio program.  After the interview, the inmates wrote to the temple and expressed a desire to learn more about Buddhism and ultimately requested regular teachings to be provided at Calipatria State Prison.

Because Master still needed to complete his training in Taiwan, he was not able to meet with the inmates at that time.  He requested Mr. and Mrs. Tam to facilitate the spreading of the dharma.  Thus the beginning of the prison program ensued, which has persevered for the past 17 years.

“Negative acts are easy to commit,
but it is difficult to cultivate wholesome deeds.

With a bow. Amitofo!


Ven. Zhong and Sister Shirley,
Thank you dharma family for all the support and encouragement.
The expression of Bodhicitta, pranjna, metta you’re continuously offered has brought my life joy ease which has enabled my mind to experience Lord Buddha’s teachings pragmatically.
The community here at Centinela has also been strengthened by your presence. Your monthly visit is anxiously anticipated by all, as if a close family member were coming to see us. Thank you.
The books, materials and necessary artifacts for our altar enable us to grow as a community in your absence, while enriching our individual practices and thirst for the Dharma.
International Bodhisattva Sangha is Lord Buddha’s way of arranging appearance for all. Master Hueiguang, Ven. Xian Zhong and our wonderful Sister Shirley have truly provided and filled in many areas of our lives, when our minds would have led us to believe no roads were of benefit to us.
Brothers, Sisters, Friends, I am a very ignorant person, and quite familiar with such view, but second changes and built within each decision we make, for if it was not so then externalism and nihilism would be reasonable view. However, we know karma is true so we have hope and trust in such cause and effect. Thereby (Sila) we can tap into our potential becoming better human beings. Building on the premise of Bodhicitta, breaking the beginningless cycles, and its right worldly concerns. Yes, hope based on experience strengthens one’s faith and trust. Thank you for giving me a second chance to be part of this family.
Till next month, I hope you all are enjoying the festivities of these holidays, and know you are in my thoughts.
With metta,
Dino          

Last Sunday




Ven. Xian Zhong, Shirley and Danny from IBS came to visit us last Sunday Dec 16th with a good lesson. Our Sangha (Sunyata Sangha) has been setup for 5 weeks and slowly getting stronger. Because of its newness we have been going over a lots of the rituals, prostrations, etc. I was very glad when our teacher Ven. Xain Zhong went over the correct way to prostrate. I did not know it had an element to a workout to it. I also did not know that there was a correct way to breathe when you do it but when you know the reason why it all makes sense. I also learned that there I a very good and coherent way to explain the prostrations to people think that we are worshiping an IDOL; when in fact we are respecting the teacher and teachings of a wise one that came before us. 
I feel real good and ready to take on the world when our teacher comes. I get hope from seeing them and that renewal of spirit carries over in to our weekly Sangha meeting. 
My goal is to make our Sangha stronger and benefit more people through our Sangha. 

Brother Mccollom
President of Sunyata Sangha